Workplace Temperature Law in the UK

Workplace Temperature Law in the UK A Legal and Compliance Guide for Business Owners, QSHE & Facilities Managers Read More Workplace temperature is no longer just a comfort issue; it is a legal compliance, governance and risk management issue. For business owners, directors, QSHE professionals and Facilities Managers, understanding your legal obligations around temperature control is essential. Extreme heat, inadequate heating, or poorly managed environments can trigger enforcement action, reputational damage and significant financial penalties. This blog sets out what UK law requires and what happens if you fail to comply. The Legal Framework You Are Accountable Under Request a site survey Workplace temperature is governed by: Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Guidance issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) These apply across England, Scotland and Wales. (Northern Ireland has equivalent legislation enforced separately.) For directors and senior managers, these duties are not theoretical; they entail personal accountability where neglect can be demonstrated. Is There a Legal Minimum Workplace Temperature? Under Regulation 7 of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992: “During working hours, the temperature in all workplaces inside buildings shall be reasonable.” The HSE’s Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) recommends: 16°C for most indoor workplaces 13°C where work involves significant physical effort These are not fixed statutory limits, but they are recognised compliance benchmarks. Persistent temperatures below these levels without mitigation measures increase enforcement risk. For Facilities and QSHE teams, this means: Heating strategy must be planned, not reactive. Temperature monitoring should be documented. Justification should exist where environments cannot meet benchmark levels. Your Legal Duty: Risk Assessment Under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, you must: Conduct a suitable and sufficient risk assessment Identify temperature-related hazards Implement proportionate control measures Review assessments during extreme weather or seasonal change Importantly, enforcement action can occur even if no illness or injury has taken place. Failing to conduct an adequate risk assessment alone may be enough for regulators to determine that an organisation has breached its legal responsibilities. Failure to carry out a suitable risk assessment alone can lead to enforcement action even before illness occurs. Is There a Legal Maximum Temperature? There is no maximum temperature specified in UK law. However, under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, employers must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of employees. This means excessive heat becomes a compliance issue when it creates foreseeable risk, including: Heat stress Dehydration Dizziness and fainting Reduced cognitive performance leading to accidents Exacerbation of existing health conditions The absence of a maximum number does not remove your duty to manage risk. Law Requirements “Reasonable” and “Thermal Comfort” The HSE uses the concept of thermal comfort. Temperature alone is not the only factor. You must consider: Air temperature Radiant heat (sunlight, plant, equipment) Humidity Ventilation and air movement Type of work activity PPE or uniform requirements Vulnerable employees (pregnancy, health conditions) For QSHE professionals, this means your risk assessment must be holistic, not just a thermostat reading. What “Reasonably Practicable” Controls Look Like Request a site survey UK health and safety law frequently uses the phrase “so far as is reasonably practicable.” This principle requires employers to balance the level of risk against the cost, effort and feasibility of implementing control measures. In practical terms, organisations are expected to take sensible steps to reduce temperature-related risks where those risks are foreseeable. Regulators do not expect perfection, but they do expect businesses to demonstrate that reasonable action has been taken. When workplaces become too cold, this may involve maintaining effective heating systems, ensuring the building fabric is properly maintained to reduce heat loss and drafts, and providing employees with suitable warm rest areas. In some environments, thermal PPE may be necessary, and organisations may also need to adjust break patterns so employees can warm up safely. During periods of excessive heat, employers are expected to consider measures such as improving ventilation and air movement, providing access to cool drinking water and adjusting working patterns during heatwaves where appropriate. Depending on the environment, this may also include installing air conditioning systems, introducing fans or allowing more flexible dress codes where safety permits. Enforcement: What Could Happen to Your Business? Workplace temperature complaints commonly arise during periods of extreme heat or cold. When concerns are raised, they can trigger an inspection by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the relevant local authority. If inspectors determine that temperature risks are not being managed appropriately, they have the authority to take formal enforcement action. This may include issuing an Improvement Notice, which requires the organisation to correct the issue within a specified timeframe, or a Prohibition Notice, which stops work immediately if a serious risk to health or safety is identified. Improvement Notice Requiring corrective action within a defined period. Prohibition Notice Stopping work immediately where there is a serious risk. Failure to comply is a criminal offence. Financial and Criminal Consequences Breaches of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 can carry serious consequences for both organisations and individuals. Businesses found to be in breach of their legal duties may face unlimited fines and criminal prosecution. In some circumstances, directors or senior managers may also be prosecuted personally under Section 37 of the Act, particularly where it can be shown that the offence occurred with their consent, involvement or neglect. In the most serious cases, this can even lead to imprisonment. When determining penalties, courts consider several factors including company turnover, the level of culpability involved, the potential risk of harm created and the organisation’s previous compliance history. For medium and large organisations, fines frequently reach six figures or more, particularly where systemic failures are identified. As a result, workplace temperature management increasingly sits within board-level governance and accountability, rather than being viewed purely as a facilities issue. Request a site survey Civil Liability

How to Cool Your Powder Coating Facility

How to Cool Your Powder Coating Facility Effective & Efficient Cooling Systems Read More In the industrial world, few environments are as thermally intense as Powder coating facilities. With curing ovens running at 180–220°C, pre-treatment lines, and equipment processes generating radiant heat, effective cooling in these factories isn’t just about comfort; it’s about protecting equipment, maintaining coating quality, and supporting worker health and safety. In this post, we’ll explore the most efficient and practical strategies for cooling a powder coat facility without sending your energy bills through the roof. But keeping temperatures under control in this kind of environment doesn’t have to be difficult or expensive. The most practical, efficient, and scalable solution? Evaporative Cooling + High-Level Extraction Together, these systems form a balanced cooling strategy that keeps your factory safe, comfortable, and productive, even during the hottest months of the year. Why Powder Coat Factories Are So Hard to Cool? Radiant Heat: from ovens raises ambient air temperature across the factory Large open-plan layouts: These make traditional air conditioning inefficient. Powder coating materials: are sensitive to temperature and humidity fluctuations Technicians and maintenance staff: face health & safety risks near hot equipment. Energy bills: for large-scale cooling can become unsustainable. Book A Request Site Survey The Smart Solution: Evaporative Cooling + Extraction This system works by introducing cooler, fresh air into the factory and removing built-up heat at high levels, creating a constant flow that naturally balances internal temperatures. Part 1: Evaporative Cooling – How It Works Evaporative coolers (also known as swamp coolers or adiabatic coolers) pull in outside air, pass it over water-saturated pads, and blow the now-cooled air into your factory.  What’s Happening Inside: As hot air moves through wetted cooling pads, water evaporates into the air This phase change absorbs heat, dropping the air temperature significantly The result: a steady supply of filtered cool air entering the workspace   Typical Cooling Effect: Air temperature reductions of around 10–15°C (depending on humidity levels) Excellent performance in dry or moderately humid climates Clean air delivery without recirculating dust or fumes Part 2: High-Level Extraction Fans – Why They’re Essential While evaporative coolers bring in fresh air, high-level extraction fans (mounted at roof or upper wall level) pull hot, stale air out of the building. This creates a pressure balance and keeps air moving across the entire facility, preventing stagnant zones and reducing thermal buildup from machinery and ovens.  Benefits of Extraction Fans: Support a directional airflow path from fresh air in → hot air out Remove hot air that rises and accumulates near the ceiling Prevent heat stratification (hot layers staying trapped at high levels) Help exhaust fumes, steam, and airborne contaminants Together: A Balanced System When used together: Evaporative coolers push in cooler, fresh air That air flows across your workspace, reducing temperature at worker level Extraction fans pull hot air out at ceiling level, maintaining airflow and heat removal The system refreshes indoor air with multiple air changes per hour All with lower energy costs than traditional HVAC   This is not just ventilation, it’s an engineered cooling process designed for industrial heat loads. To fine-tune the system, many factories also include: Temporary internal barriers or PVC curtains to separate hot/cool zones Temperature sensors to automate airflow based on real-time conditions  Zoned cooling for powder storage rooms, quality control, or clean areas Destratification fans in winter to push warm air down to the ground level, where it is of most benefit to the workforce and production processes. Protecting Your People In high-heat environments like powder coat factories, your team’s health is on the line. Excess heat can cause: Heat exhaustion, dehydration, and fatigue. Reduced alertness and increased human error. Safety hazards for technicians maintaining ovens or heated systems. Energy Efficient and Cost-Effective Unlike traditional air conditioning systems , evaporative cooling works naturally and uses far less energy Up to 80% more efficient than traditional air conditioning No sealed ducts, compressors, or gas refrigerants Easy to maintain with minimal downtime Why This System Works Feature Benefit Evaporative Cooling Brings in cool, filtered air affordably Continuous Air Exchange Maintains stable conditions year-round High-Level Extraction Fans Removes built-up heat and improves airflow Zoned & Scalable Tailored to your layout and heat zones Worker Safety & Comfort Protects health and improves performance. Energy-Efficient Operation Keeps energy bills under control Ready to Cool Your Factory the Smart Way? If you’re preparing for a busy production period or already seeing the impact of heat on your people, product, and performance, now’s the time to act. Our team will: Visit your site. Assess your layout, heat sources, and airflow. Design a system that works for your business goals and budget.   Book your free consultation today and let’s take the heat off your operation.

Electric vs Gas Warm Air Heating Systems

Electric vs Gas Warm Air Heating Systems Which is best for your business? Read More When faced with the challenge of heating large commercial and industrial spaces, warm air heating systems often stand out as the most reliable and efficient option. However, the best type of warm air heating system can vary due to site differences, usage patterns, costs, and sustainability goals. The question therefore arises: should you choose an electric or gas-powered heating system? In this blog, we cover the key differences between gas and electric fuel-type warm air heating systems so you can decide which option is best for your business. What is a Warm Air Heating System and how does it work? Warm air heating works by drawing in surrounding air and heating it with either a gas burner or an electric element. Once the air has been heated, it is then distributed throughout the space using a fan. Warm air systems are commonplace in commercial settings as they can efficiently heat high-ceilinged buildings, where radiant heating would struggle by comparison. Types of buildings where warm air heating systems are most effective include: Warehouses and factories. Sports halls and gymnastics studios. Storage and distribution centres. Retail spaces and showrooms. For large indoor commercial spaces, warm air heating solutions are typically combined with destratification systems for even heat distribution. This was the case when we helped manufacturer Sait Abrasives, who required an upgraded heating system to support the manufacture and storage of their products. Our solution consisted of introducing 4 x 60 kW fully modulating warm air heaters, supported by 8 industrial destratification fans at ceiling height. Gas Warm Air Heating We offer a versatile range of gas warm air heaters designed to deliver flexible and efficient heating solutions for commercial spaces. Fuelled by either natural gas or LPG, these advanced gas warm air heating systems feature cutting-edge pre-mix burners and self-modulating fans that intelligently adjust output to reduce energy consumption without compromising comfort. Ideal for quickly warming large areas, the heaters then automatically modulate down to maintain a steady, comfortable temperature throughout the day, helping businesses cut energy costs while keeping their environments consistently pleasant. Looking ahead, OKEL’s natural gas models are also Hydrogen Blend Ready, capable of operating with up to 20% hydrogen mixed into the gas supply, future-proofing your heating system as the UK transitions to cleaner energy. Pros Lower operating costs: The cost of natural gas and LPG is considerably cheaper than electricity per kW/h. The average tariff for commercial gas is 8p per kw/h versus 24p per kw/h for commercial electricity Fast heat-up times: Gas systems can bring large spaces up to temperature quickly and efficiently. Proven performance: Gas heaters have been a mainstay in commercial buildings for decades, offering reliable and consistent output. Higher heat output: Gas fired warm air heaters come in a range of sizes from small 10kw to large 150 kw capacity heaters. Cons Carbon emissions: Burning fossil fuels means a higher environmental impact, which could clash with net-zero goals as a result. Gas supply dependence: Not all sites have a mains gas connection or the space outside to accommodate an LPG bulk storage tank, so installations could be expensive or even unfeasible depending on the circumstances and budget. Tightening regulations: The UK’s drive toward decarbonisation means gas systems may face restrictions or phase-outs in future builds, and with some landlords already preventing tenants from installing gas appliances on site so as not to negatively impact the EPC rating of a building. Electric Warm Air Heating Our 3-phase electric air heaters are high-performance units that are purpose-built for commercial and industrial environments where reliable, powerful heating is essential. For added flexibility, our 5kw and 10kw models are also available with a single-phase electrical supply, making them ideal for smaller spaces or sites with limited power infrastructure. Engineered for 100% efficiency, these heaters convert every unit of electricity into usable heat, supporting both performance and sustainability goals. All models are ErP compliant and meet the latest Eco Design Directive standards, ensuring energy-efficient operation that aligns with your business’s environmental commitments. With a range of sizes from 5kw to 60kw, we offer tailored solutions to meet the heating demands of any commercial space. Pros Low on-site emissions: 100% efficient and great for businesses aiming for carbon neutrality, especially if powered by renewable energy such as Solar. Simpler installation: No flues, gas lines, or combustion safety requirements make electric units easier and faster to fit. Safer: No risks associated with combustion or gas leaks. Cons Higher energy costs: Electricity is often more expensive than gas and therefore increases operational costs. Electrical Capacity: Electric air heaters sized at 20kw or above are 3-phase and require a significant number of amps to power the system – For example a 40kw 3-phase electric air heater requires 59 amps per phase. Many sites simply do not have sufficient spare capacity to accommodate the electrical demand of an all-electric heating system without upgrading the electrical infrastructure on site. Slower heat-up times: Electric elements can be less responsive, especially in uninsulated or draughty spaces. Alternative Commercial Temperature Controls As demand grows for more energy-efficient and sustainable workplace heating, HVAC manufacturers are continuously innovating, with R&D teams developing smarter systems to meet evolving customer needs. While warm air heating remains a very popular choice, 2025 has seen a notable rise in interest and adoption of alternative temperature control technologies. Among these, the following systems are gaining traction for their ability to balance performance, efficiency, and environmental responsibility: Hybrid Heat Pump and Booster System OKEL’s new hybrid heating solutions are smart, energy-efficient, and designed for businesses that want to move toward sustainability without committing to a full heat pump system. Available as a fully electric model or with a gas-fired booster, the hybrid system offers the best of both worlds. On particularly cold days or at the start of a work shift, the electric or gas-fired booster quickly brings the workspace up to temperature. Once the desired temperature is reached, the heat

How To Future-Proof Your Warehouse Heating System

How To Future-Proof Your Warehouse Heating System Warehouses are essential for many businesses, especially those in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Research analysing ONS data reveals that warehousing and logistics businesses are among the sectors most affected by rising energy costs in the UK. To help curb the impact of increased gas and electricity costs warehouse businesses must look to upgrade their heating infrastructure. This means investing in heating systems that employ smart modern technologies, alternative fuel sources, and designs intended for large open warehouses. This post evaluates some of the leading options for future-proof warehouse heating, while at the same time establishing priorities when it comes to heating these commercial spaces. Why Businesses Need To Focus On Warehouse Heating There are various approaches to efficiently heat a warehouse, depending on the specific challenges faced by the warehouse owner or tenant. Let’s explore some of these key factors. Higher Energy Tariffs While wholesale energy prices have decreased since peaking in 2022- 2023 the base rate for electricity and gas for businesses continues to rise steadily with war/conflict between Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza contributing heavily to the volatility of wholesale fuel prices. For businesses, it is now more important than ever to have the most efficient heating system in place to reduce energy consumption throughout the year and to safeguard themselves against sharp rises in energy prices. Regulatory Changes Possessing the appropriate certifications and working within relevant regulations is essential for warehousing businesses to avoid costly fines. Changing safety standards can have a direct impact on warehouse heating. Although currently there is no legal maximum or minimum workplace temperature in the UK, at the time of writing this article both ACAS and the Health and Safety Executive each recommend a working temperature of at least 16°C or 13°C if the work is more strenuous and physical. Stock or Inventory management To maintain quality and prevent damage, deterioration, or potential failure of stored inventory in a warehouse, it is essential to keep items in highly controlled environments. Temperature control and humidity management are crucial in the storage process, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries, which must adhere to strict safety standards, regulations, and laws set by governing bodies such as the Food Standards Agency and Good Manufacturing Practice. These measures are in place to protect consumers from unsafe or ineffective products. Demands for sustainability In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in consumer behavior towards sustainability, with an increasing expectation for businesses to demonstrate their commitment to addressing environmental challenges. As awareness of climate change and other environmental issues grows, consumers are prioritising sustainable practices in their purchasing decisions. This shift is likely to impact both B2B relationships and supply chains, as well as B2C interactions. Many warehouse and factory heating systems may come under scrutiny due to the large spaces they need to  heat and the harmful carbon emissions they generate. Furthermore, there are additional incentives for businesses to adopt more sustainable operations in line with the UK Net Zero Strategy. Over time, businesses are expected to meet increasingly stringent energy efficiency targets, or they may face significant penalties and fines. Considerations for more efficient warehouse heating Many businesses have been using outdated and inefficient heating systems for years, often due to the size of their spaces and the potential costs associated with upgrading old warehouses and factory heating systems. However, some businesses may not realise that replacing their outdated HVAC systems with modern, high-efficiency solutions can lead to a quicker return on investment (ROI) than expected. This is primarily due to the energy savings and reduced consumption that come with installing a new, efficient temperature control system. When considering modern warehouse heating solutions, it is essential to conduct a detailed evaluation of the specific needs of the warehouse. Factors to consider include the temperature requirements, the dimensions of the space, and whether the heating will provide full coverage or partial zoning. Additionally, it’s important to assess how the insulation of the warehouse may have changed over time since the current heating system was installed. For example, improvements such as a newly insulated roof or walls can significantly enhance the building’s insulation values, thus improving heat loss calculations and reducing the total kilowatts required to heat the space. The product information below will help to inform you about which heating systems are best for your warehouse. 3-Phase Electric Air heaters Electric air heaters provide a sustainable and effective heating solution for warehouses and other large, open-plan commercial and industrial spaces with high ceilings. The heaters operate similarly to their gas-fired equivalent models, making them ideal for businesses seeking an environmentally friendly fuel option or for those that do not have a gas supply available on-site. Electric Infrared Heaters For warehouses that only want to heat smaller areas / zones such as loading bays and individual workstations, Electric Infrared Heating emits infrared radiation to heat only persons or objects that it encounters within the throw of each individual heater. By not heating the air space, far less kws are required, it is, however, worth noting that outside the throw of the heater, there will be no heat benefit and for that reason, warehouse heating installations must be completed by industry professionals who can deliver precision-targeted infrared heating. Fully modulating & Hydrogen Ready warm air heating Not all warehouses have a sufficiently sized electricity supply to heat the space with electricity. For these sites, transitioning to a sustainable heating solution may involve replacing outdated and inefficient gas-fired warm air or radiant heating systems with a modern, fully modulating gas-fired warm air/radiant heating system that is ready for a hydrogen blend. New warm air heaters boast an efficiency of 96%, while heaters that are over 15 years old typically start with an efficiency of around 80%. However, with age-related wear and tear, this efficiency has declined over the years. A well-designed, modern, high-efficiency gas-fired warm air heating system can save an estimated 30% on energy consumption and related energy costs. Hybrid

Warehouse Temperature Control Systems

Warehouse Temperature Control Systems Installing proper heating and cooling solutions for your warehouse might seem like a mammoth undertaking, but it’s necessary to make sure the environment is temperature controlled. A 2022 McKinsey & Company report found that worldwide warehouse costs amounted to around €300bn, with a lack of temperature control being a potential factor. At OKEL, we are experts in providing bespoke solutions for temperature control through efficient heating and cooling systems. Temperature control means maintaining a consistent temperature, as well as humidity and moisture levels. In this post we guide you through the various options available for warehousing temperature control solutions. Why Temperature Control For Warehouses Is Important Firstly, controlling the internal temperature of a warehouse helps avoid large changes in temperature over time. This is vital when storing goods that require constant environmental conditions. The best examples are the food production and pharmaceutical industries, where produce and medicines will quickly spoil and become unusable if they aren’t kept in closely monitored conditions. Fluctuations in temperature can also impact the efficiency of factory facilities, as materials such as steel and machinery might behave differently. Warehouses are a critical part of the supply chain, often serving as the final step before distribution to consumers. Whatever your storage requirements, accurate temperature control for warehouses is beneficial in the following ways: Maintain stock Changes in temperature can compromise stock quality or lead to product loss. Consistent temperatures allow goods to be kept for their maximum lifespans, no matter the external conditions. Operational safety Maintaining the environment inside the warehouse minimises unknown variables. This enables trained warehouse professionals to do their jobs to the best of their ability while avoiding safety risks. Industry compliance Proper temperature control for warehouses will ensure you meet several regulations and avoid fines. For example, the BFM Code of Practice states the minimum indoor temperature for workers is at least 13°C. These requirements are also backed up by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). On top of this, there could be additional guidelines depending on the products being stored, such as those set out by the British Frozen Food Federation. Air quality The overall quality of the final product that’s delivered to consumers is impacted by the air quality inside the warehouse, especially food products. Many temperature control measures also lead to a higher quality of air, which can also help improve the experience for warehouse operators. Challenges in controlling warehouse temperature There are many risk factors involved in warehouse temperature control. Chief among these are the maintenance of information systems, inventory management, and an effective heating/cooling infrastructure. You may also be faced with industry-specific challenges such as regulatory standards, waste management, and more. The features of the warehouse itself can also come into play when trying to maintain a consistent storage environment. For instance, warehouses with high ceilings are often more difficult to heat and cool. The degree of insulation in the building can also result in greater influence from external conditions. By understanding the challenges posed by the logistics of temperature-controlled warehouses, you can protect the integrity of your stock and the safety of your workers all year round while cutting down on energy costs. Cooling solutions for warehouses Many types of stock such as perishable foods and technical components require storage cooler conditions to extend their lifespan. Maintaining low temperatures in a warehouse can be especially challenging in the presence of heat-generating machinery, as well as during seasonal changes. Energy efficient warehouse cooling solutions are the answer. Evaporative Cooling Increased seasonal temperatures, improved building insulation and heat generating machinery can each be a major source of unwanted heating for industrial spaces such as factories and warehouses. Evaporative cooling systems work as part of a balanced mechanical ventilation system to cool a whole space or to provide spot cooling to areas of a building with excess heat – By introducing at regular intervals throughout the day fresh outside air drawn in over wetted pads, this then causes the water to naturally evaporate into the air and taking with it the unwanted excess heat. This leads to a much higher air quality than traditional refrigerant air conditioning systems which typically use recirculated air. Even on cooler days, the ventilation mode of the system will still work to introduce fresh air into the warehouse. If you’re looking for an Evaporative cooling system to cool your warehouse or factory then look no further than OKEL. We’ve designed and installed commercial evaporative cooling solutions for UK businesses of all types and sizes. Destratification Fans Although not a cooling system as such, Destratification fans installed at ceiling height for example in a factory or warehouse, deliver continuous air circulation which in turn provides a cooler effect and creates a more comfortable environment for the workforce. Air Conditioning​ While Evaporative coolers are the preferred source of cooling for large open plan space, Modern air conditioning systems serve a dual function to both heat and cool smaller sized rooms / spaces with a more traditional refrigerant based system. Heating solutions for warehouses If your warehouse storage has temperature-sensitive stock that must be preserved at a temperature above the ambient level; such as the storage of  cardboard, there are many different solutions for heating large industrial spaces. Securing expert advice is the best way to determine the heating requirements of your space and to help you to make a decision on which heating system is right for you. Warm air heating Commercial warm air heating systems are ideal for large open plan commercial spaces, with options for natural gas, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), or Electric Fuel. Having over the years become the preferred, modern, and efficient approach to heating factory and warehouse-type premises, warm air heating systems provide an effective and efficient even spread and distribution of heat throughout industrial spaces and one that minimises hot and cold spots that are often associated with other types of heating – OKEL is expert in designing and installing warm air heating systems, very often

Sustainable Factory Heating Solutions

Sustainable Factory Heating Solutions For years the focus of heating and cooling solutions for commercial buildings has been on efficiency. However, it’s now also necessary for factories and other industrial facilities to demonstrate a commitment to eco-friendly operations. Installing green heating solutions for factories has many other benefits too, including reducing waste, appealing to consumer values, and more. Technology innovations mean there are a variety of options to choose from when implementing sustainable factory design. This post will analyse the sustainable heating systems that are most appropriate for a factory setting, along with advice on how to make the switch to green infrastructure. Benefits of Sustainable Factory Design Embracing a sustainable approach across all aspects of a factory or manufacturing facility can yield many long-term benefits. For businesses, this includes: Lower operating costs. Many sustainable measures result in lower running costs by increasing energy efficiency. According to a statistical analysis of greenhouse gas emissions, ‘Gaseous fuel use in the UK is dominated by the use of natural gas for heating buildings and for electricity generation’. Heating and cooling indoor large spaces like factories especially often require large amounts of energy when using inefficient systems. Regulatory compliance In the UK there are many different sustainability regulations and standards that apply to commercial buildings and factories. One example is the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard (MEES), which currently requires Non domestic private rented properties to have a minimum energy performance rating of at least E, unless they have a valid exemption in place under the 7-year payback test Incorporating green infrastructure into your factory will help your business activities meet UK sustainability standards without incurring additional costs. Encouraging innovation By its nature, sustainable solutions usually require revising existing processes to see how they can be improved. Innovations in how a factory runs can help improve many kinds of business operations. Drive sales In addition to the potential for more efficient production lines, sustainable factories can help promote a business’ products to consumers. Many people place a high value on sustainability when choosing who they buy from, so if you’re able to incorporate a sustainable ethos into your factory infrastructure it can be an effective marketing strategy. Air quality Concerning industrial factory heating especially, sustainable solutions can help improve air quality throughout space. This is because systems that use geothermal, solar, or electric power don’t generate as many pollutants. Many factories built in the 20th century were designed to rely on unsustainable energy sources such as natural gas for their heating. Reserves of natural gas around the world are finite, with the UK importing roughly 50% of its gas from elsewhere. Not only is this unsustainable, it’s also costly and damages the environment through producing greenhouse gases. The scarce nature of unsustainable resources is a large reason why switching to green factory systems will save businesses money. Eco-Friendly Factories’ Contribution to Net Zero Originally published in October 2021, the government’s Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener policy has laid out various proposals and policies for the decarbonising of the UK economy. The goal is for all UK emissions to reach net zero by 2050, with a large part of the focus falling on commercial operations in the manufacturing sector. Factories don’t just contribute to emissions through manufacturing processes. The day-to-day running of a factory facility can have an impact on the environment, which is why areas like sustainable factory heating should be a priority. Any factory heating strategy which uses less fossil fuel in favour of renewable energy, or reduces energy consumption overall, will contribute towards the government sustainability target. Sustainable Factory Heating Systems If you want to improve the efficiency and sustainability of your factory, the first area of focus should be how you heat the space. You might have strong insulation and airflow in place, but it won’t matter if your facility uses outdated heating and cooling units. On top of this, when deciding how to heat a warehouse or factory efficiently it’s important you select systems that are appropriate for the space. Find our top picks for the most sustainable heating systems for factories below. Electric Far / Infrared Heaters Infrared heating solutions are quickly becoming a popular choice of heating for customers with commercial and industrial properties who simply want to provide spot heating to smaller spaces within a factory and warehouse. Infrared and Far-infrared work using electromagnetic radiation that heats objects and people they encounter rather than heating the whole air space. As a result, FIR heat is an efficient option for providing spot heating at lesser kws and is further enhanced by its many hanging variations, such as wall-mounted or ceiling suspended, for the maximum spread of heat. Factory destratification Championed by the Carbon Trust, a carefully designed and effective Destratification system in open-plan buildings with high ceilings can significantly reduce energy consumption by up to 30% and lower associated energy bills. As heat naturally rises all buildings will be affected to some degree by thermal stratification, causing a significant imbalance of temperatures from the lower ground to ceiling height. Destratification fans are installed at ceiling height and with the purpose of the fans to combat heat loss from above by recovering excess heat that gathers beneath the ceiling and return it to the lower ground where the heat is of most benefit to the workforce or production/manufacturing processes. Although destratification doesn’t provide heating itself, it’s a solution that’s extremely effective when used in tandem with a sustainable warm air heating solution.. Factory Air Conditioning​ Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are vital in many industrial spaces to control the environment and air conditioners are an excellent source of temperature control due to their dual heating and cooling functionality. Modern air conditioning systems are leaps and bound ahead of their predecessors, thanks to greatly improved average Coefficient of Performance (COP) ratings of 4, delivering 4 kw of power for every kw, enabling commercial buildings to be more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and helping to reduce your

Cost-Effective Ways To Heat A Warehouse?

Cost-Effective Ways to Heat a Warehouse The last few years have been a truly torrid time for warehouse owners – not least when it comes to heating costs. In late 2022, the logistics and transportation industry was facing soaring energy costs alongside reduced turnover – and more than a third of businesses were forced to pass these increases onto their customers. Unfortunately, the subsequent years have done little to limit the damage. Though business energy costs have fallen from their late 2022 heights, they remain significantly higher than before the pandemic – and they’re set to rise again through the latter part of 2024. In this context, a cost-effective warehouse heating solution is no longer optional – it’s a vital investment in the future of your business. But with a range of heating methods on offer, how can you ensure you choose the right option for your warehouse? In this post, we’ll break down the most cost-effective way to heat your warehouse and offer some expert advice on how to choose the most efficient heating system for your space. The Challenges Of Cost-Effective Warehouse Heating Before we look at the different ways of heating your warehouse – and the impact each approach can have on your heating costs – it’s important to stress just how difficult warehouse heating can be. While all businesses will face challenges with keeping their heating costs down, warehouses must confront some unique issues, including: Large, open spaces Large open spaces that not only require more energy to heat but can also lead to warm air gathering near the ceiling while it stays cool near the ground where it is of most benefit to the work force and production processes. Temperature-sensitive stock Temperature-sensitive stock that may be damaged if consistent temperatures cannot be maintained at all times. Significant heat loss Significant heat loss through large shutter doors that may be kept open throughout the day to make way for site traffic Regulatory requirements Regulatory requirements that can lead to significant fines or legal issues if temperatures fall outside of statutory limits. Taken together, these issues can place severe demands on even the most powerful heating system. If your warehouse heating system isn’t up to the task, you may find yourself facing high heating costs while failing to secure a consistent, comfortable temperature during colder weather. So, how do you choose a cost-effective warehouse heating system that will truly deliver for your business? To answer this question, we first need to understand the key factors that determine how much your warehouse costs to heat. What factors affect warehouse heating costs? While most warehouses will face most if not all the issues we listed above, it’s also true that no two warehouses are exactly alike. That means that the heating costs you’ll face will depend on several factors that are unique to your warehouse, including: The size of the warehouse. It’s an obvious point but it bears repeating – the larger your warehouse, the more it will cost to heat. Not only does a larger area require more energy to heat, but higher ceilings can also increase the impact of temperature stratification – more on that below. The layout of the warehouse. The location of any temperature-sensitive stock and staff work areas can also impact heating costs. For instance, if your staff spend much of their time in relatively localised areas, you may be able to focus on spot-heating solutions. The size and extent of your racks can also have a major impact – dense racking can block the movement of warm air, making it harder to heat your space. The nature of your stock. Some types of stock – food or pharmaceuticals, for instance – will have more stringent temperature requirements. If the safe temperature range is narrower, you’ll likely have to run your heating system more consistently, with higher costs as a result. The construction of the warehouse. If your warehouse is poorly insulated or has many shutter doors and other openings, this can result in more rapid heat loss. As a result, your heating system will have to work harder to maintain a consistent temperature. Each of these factors will contribute to the overall heating costs you’re likely to face. Just as importantly, the heating system you choose will need to take them into account. As we’ll explain more fully below, the most cost-effective heating option will depend on the specifics of your warehouse – what is best for one business may prove inefficient and ineffective for another. With that in mind, let’s break down the top choices for cost-effective warehouse heating. The most cost-effective warehouse heating solutions Warm air heating Warm air heating is an efficient and cost-effective approach to heating large, open spaces, making it an excellent choice for warehouses. This method involves installing heaters at strategic points throughout your space. These heaters draw air and pass it over a heat exchanger to warm it up. The warm air is then distributed using a circulation fan built into the heater itself, ensuring it is evenly distributed throughout even the largest spaces. As a result, warm air heaters are an ideal choice if you need to ensure a consistent temperature throughout your warehouse and avoid any hot or cold spots. Ultimately, there is simply no more efficient or cost-effective way to heat large spaces in their entirety. Warm air heating systems are also highly flexible when it comes to how they are powered. From a cost standpoint, natural gas or LPG fuelled warm air heating systems are likely the best choice – as we explained in our post on factory heating running costs, gas has a significantly lower cost per kw/h tariff than electricity, much like we would find in our own homes. However, if you don’t have a gas supply to your warehouse, or room for an external LPG storage facility, or as a business are wanting to prioritise sustainability – then electric warm air heating options are available. Destratification Warm air

Factory heating running costs: A full breakdown

Factory Heating Running Costs   Rising energy costs have become a central concern for UK businesses. Fluctuating prices for gas and electricity have made it difficult to predict what the future holds – and what the impact on your finances could be. Though energy prices are down from their late 2022 peak, they increased 12.6% in the second quarter of 2024, and 72% of businesses expect energy costs to impact their profits over the next two years. For factory owners, the concern is even more pronounced. Almost a third of manufacturers said energy prices were their biggest anticipated risk for 2024. In this context, it’s imperative that businesses across the manufacturing sector grapple with the costs of running their factory heating system. In this post, we’ll look at factors that affect how much you’ll pay to keep your factory warm, as well as exploring four key ways to drive down your factory heating running costs. The Challenges Of Factory Heating Let’s begin by taking a closer look at why rising energy costs are a particularly pressing issue for manufacturers.At the heart of this issue is the very nature of factories. Put simply, factories are generally quite difficult to heat. There are several reasons why this is the case, including: Size and layout. Factories are usually large, open spaces with high ceilings and few barriers or walls. This means your heaters must work overtime to maintain a consistent temperature, as well as leading to stratification problems when the heated air rises to the top of the building. Challenging working conditions. Factory employees are often engaged in extremely rigorous and physically demanding work for prolonged periods – not to mention the fact they’re obliged to wear heavy protective clothing. This can make temperature fluctuations a healthy and safety risk, as well as impacting productivity and increasing absenteeism. Dust, fumes and pollutants. Manufacturing processes can generate a range of harmful airborne substances. This not only makes it important that your factory heating system can contribute to air circulation and purification, but it also means your heaters may be subject to increased wear and tear. In combination, these various issues make factory heating a major challenge. You may find yourself struggling with sky-high energy consumption leading to significant utility costs, as well as outsized expenditures on maintenance and repairs for your overtaxed heating system. Setting aside the immediate costs, there are longer-term concerns you should be wary of when it comes to your factory heating system. Customers are increasingly making their purchasing decisions based on environmental and sustainability issues. In fact, recent research shows that they’re willing to pay almost 10% more for goods that are sustainably produced. These shifting preferences have major implications across the supply chain, affecting businesses at every level. Most importantly, they mean that an energy-hungry factory heating system won’t just impact on your bottom line in the short term. If you’re not able to show you’re taking steps to reduce your carbon footprint, this could put you on the wrong side of an accelerating trend toward sustainability. The question, then, is how factory owners and manufacturers can tackle their factory heating running costs. In the following sections, we’ll look at the key factors that affect how much it costs to run your factory heating system, before offering some strategies for lowering them. What impacts Factory Heating running costs? There are a range of factors that determine how much your factory heating system costs to run. The most fundamental of these, of course, is the wholesale cost of energy – something that, as we’ve all seen in recent years, is hard to predict and even harder to control. Any government taxes or levies will also have an impact. Setting aside these fundamental factors, there are several specific features that can contribute to the running costs for your factory heating system. These can be separated into two categories, the first is related to the nature of your factory and its operations, while the second is related to the type of heating system you’re using. The dimensions and layout of your factory. As we mentioned above, factories are challenging to heat in part because they tend to be such large spaces. Given this, just how big your factory is will be core to the running costs of your heating system. However, it’s also important to consider the layout of your factory, including the size and location of any doors. If your factory has large shutter doors that are open much of the day, this will contribute to heat loss and drive-up costs. The level of insulation. Older factories will often be constructed from materials that do not effectively retain heat. Given the overall dimensions of most factories, this means there’s a substantial surface area through which heat can dissipate, further adding to your running costs. Any temperature requirements. The target temperature for your heating system will have a major impact on your energy costs – even a reduction of 2°C can significantly reduce your costs significantly. However, if your machinery or equipment needs a certain temperature to be maintained, this can rule out an easy way to reduce costs by lowering your thermostat. If we turn to your factory heating system, the factors that affect its running costs include: The type of heating system. Whether you’re using a warm air heating system, radiant heating, far infrared heating, or some other heating solution, this will affect your running costs – particularly if the system isn’t well-suited to your space. The source of energy. As of July 2024, gas costs roughly a quarter as much as electricity per kW hour – 6p versus 25p. As a result, if you’re using electricity to power your heating system, this will likely lead to higher overall running costs. The frequency of maintenance and repairs. All gas heating appliances require annual gas-safe servicing by a registered engineer. However, an older heating system will be subject to more wear and tear, meaning you might need to call out a

How Much Do Infrared Heaters Cost to Run?

Infrared Heater Running Costs Infrared Heater Cost Calculation Use the example below to calculate the cost to run an electric infrared heater. For example, if your electricity cost is £0.15 per kilowatt-hour and you have a 1.5-kilowatt infrared heater that you run for 4 hours per day, the daily running cost would be £0.15 x 1.5 x 4 = £0.90. So the cost of running the heater for a month (30 days) would be approximately £27. The running cost of an infrared heater can be calculated using the following formula: Electricity cost (per kilowatt-hour) x Power rating of the heater (in kilowatts) x Number of hours of use = Total cost of running the heater. It’s important to note that this is just an estimate, and the actual running cost of an infrared heater can vary depending on your usage habits and other factors. However, infrared heaters are generally considered to be a cost-effective heating option due to their energy efficiency and targeted heating capabilities. In general, infrared heaters are considered to be more energy efficient than traditional heating systems because they heat objects and surfaces directly instead of heating the air around them. This means there’s less heat loss due to air circulation or convection, resulting in lower energy consumption and reduced heating costs. How do infrared heaters work? Infrared heating uses electromagnetic radiation to transfer heat directly to objects and surfaces without using a heating medium, like air or water. The heater simply emits infrared radiation that is absorbed by surfaces and converted into heat energy. This process is known as infrared heating or radiant heating and it’s considered more energy-efficient than traditional heating systems. OKEL are experts in different types of heating systems to efficiently heat various businesses, no matter the size, insulation or footfall. In this post, we’ll explore infrared heater costs, including installation and running costs, energy efficiency and the pros and cons of the heating system. Read on to find out more when it comes to infrared heating costs in the UK. How much does it cost for infrared heater panels? The cost of infrared heater panels can vary depending on the size, type, and brand of the panel. Generally, a single panel can cost anywhere from around £50 to £500 or more. Small electric infrared panels that can be wall mounted or on a ceiling typically cost between £50 to £200, while electric far infrared systems for commercial or industrial use could cost several hundred pounds or more. The cost of installation and any necessary wiring or modifications to the electrical system should also be factored into the overall cost of the system. It’s worth noting that while infrared heating panels can be more expensive to purchase and install compared to traditional heating systems, they are often more energy-efficient and can save money on heating bills in the long run. Far Infrared Heater installation Costs Infrared heaters safely installed for Family Martial Arts Liverpool, using a suspension above the spectator area. The cost of installing an infrared heater can vary depending on several factors, including the size and type of the heater, the location where it will be installed, and any additional electrical or structural work that may be required. In general, the installation cost for an infrared heater can range from around £100 to £500 or more, depending on the complexity of the installation. For example, installing a small infrared panel heater on a wall or ceiling may be a straightforward process and cost around £100 to £200, while a larger commercial or industrial unit that requires more advanced electrical or structural work could cost several hundred pounds or more.It’s important to note that the installation cost for this heating solution also includes the cost of any additional equipment or materials needed, such as mounting brackets, wiring, or control panels. To get an accurate estimate of the installation cost, it’s best to get in touch and we can provide a detailed quote over the phone. For example, during out installation assessment for Family Martial Arts in Liverpool, we had to take into consideration the height of the ceiling and create a suspension so that the infrared heaters were at least 3m over the spectator area. Receive a Free Quote for Your Infrared Heating Find out today Is it cheaper to have electric heating or infrared heating? In general, infrared heating is considered to be more cost-effective than traditional electric heating systems because it heats objects and surfaces directly instead of heating the air around them. Electric heating systems typically rely on convection heating to warm the air in a room and can result in significant heat loss, as the warm air rises and escapes through leaks in windows, doors, and other openings in the building envelope. As a result, electric heating systems may require more energy to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature, leading to higher heating costs. Infrared heaters can also be more cost-effective than other heating systems, such as gas-fired systems because they do not require a heating medium like air or water to transfer heat. This means that there are no energy losses due to heat transfer, and infrared heaters can operate more efficiently and cost-effectively. However, it’s important to note that the cost-effectiveness of any heating system depends on several factors, including the size of the space being heated, the insulation levels of the building, and the cost of electricity in your area. How can infrared heating save you money in the long term? There are many ways that infrared heating can save you money in the long term: Energy Efficiency: Infrared heaters are highly energy-efficient because they heat objects and surfaces directly instead of heating the air around them. This means that there is less heat loss due to air circulation or convection, resulting in lower energy consumption and reduced heating costs. Zoned Heating: Infrared heating can be used to provide targeted heat to specific areas or zones within a building, allowing you to only heat the areas that are being used. This can

A Guide to Commercial Voltage Optimisation

Voltage Optimisation for Commercial Buildings The global energy crisis The world is experiencing a global energy crisis due to a shortage in fuel supply. This has resulted in soaring record wholesale energy purchase prices. Many energy suppliers have ceased trading in such challenging times and the suppliers that remain have been faced with no other option than to drastically increase tariffs. This goes for both new and existing customers. With Ofgem capping price increases at an estimated 54%, leading industry experts predict energy prices will remain high and volatile throughout 2023. Businesses need to find new ways to reduce business energy spend by improving energy efficiencies in the workplace and investing in new energy-saving technologies. One of these solutions is Voltage Optimisation. Why are energy bills rising in the UK? Influencing factors that have led to the soaring cost of energy includes: The global pandemic resulted in a decrease in demand for energy and as demand fell, so did the supply As countries started to recover from the pandemic, demand for gas began to increase, however, could not be met due to a shortage in supply A reduction in renewable energy throughout the UK, such as solar and wind Colder weather during the winter months and employees furloughed or working from home The Russian invasion of Ukraine created an instantaneous global gas supply shock Save business energy with Voltage Optimisation Technology As businesses, we are unable to control the purchase costs and tariffs from our energy suppliers. However, we can save business energy by introducing energy-saving methods including the installation of a Voltage Optimisation system. Voltage Optimisation is an energy-saving voltage management system designed specifically for energy efficiency in electrical equipment. It is used to improve power quality by regulating, cleaning, and conditioning the incoming power supply to reduce the incoming supply voltage to the optimum level for the onsite equipment and appliances. What is Voltage Optimisation? Voltage optimisation is a technology used to regulate and optimise the voltage levels in an electrical system to reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency, and extend the lifespan of electrical equipment. In most electrical systems, the voltage supplied by the utility company is often higher than necessary for the equipment to operate efficiently. This can result in energy wastage and increased wear and tear on equipment, leading to higher maintenance and replacement costs over time. Voltage optimisation systems work by reducing the voltage supplied to the equipment to the optimal level needed for it to operate efficiently. This is done by installing an electronic device, typically a voltage regulator or transformer, that adjusts the voltage level to match the specific needs of the equipment. By optimising the voltage levels, voltage optimisation systems can help reduce energy consumption and lower electricity bills while extending the lifespan of electrical equipment. Additionally, voltage optimisation can help reduce carbon emissions by reducing the overall energy consumption of a building or facility. How can Voltage Optimisation save energy? Some premises can be supplied with electricity at a higher voltage level than required, if this applies to your premises, you could be wasting both energy and money whilst also being responsible for greater carbon emissions than necessary. Installing a Voltage Optimisation energy-saving system into your premises means you can match the supply voltage to the electrical equipment on site. This will help to reduce the energy consumed by ensuring excess voltage supplied by the national grid isn’t used at the individual premises. How much can Voltage Optimisation reduce your energy consumption? Voltage Optimisation is an energy-saving technique that can help businesses reduce their carbon emissions and energy bills by up to a staggering 19%, with businesses reporting average savings of 10%. The exact savings you can make by installing a Voltage Optimisation unit will depend on your premise’s incoming voltage supply from the grid, your energy consumption and the types of electrical equipment on site. A site survey is required to assess the suitability and to provide more accurate savings that could be achieved. Contact OKEL to arrange your Free Energy Site Survey. Why are some voltage supplies higher than necessary? Prior to 1993, the standard electrical supply specification in the UK was 240V with a 6% tolerance. Due to this, most electrical distribution networks that have been in place for many years were designed to deliver electricity within this range. Historically it was identified that the supply voltage throughout UK and Europe had been 220V with a 6% tolerance. Therefore steps were introduced to simplify the market for electrical equipment across Europe and the Low Voltage Directive was introduced. The purpose was to harmonise and regulate the standard operating voltage of electrical equipment to be supplied throughout Europe. The statutory supply specification was lowered to 230V +10% or -6% variance, meaning that theoretically, the supply voltage can vary from site to site, from 216.2V to 253V (with the UK averaging 242V). These levels remain current today. How does Voltage Optimisation work? Incoming voltage supply from the National Grid is supplied at a higher voltage than is necessary due to old electrical distribution networks that were in place pre-1993. An incoming voltage supply of more than the nominal 230V can result in excessive energy consumption and associated charges. Therefore installing a Voltage Optimisation system reduces the voltage of electricity supplied to the equipment onsite and ensures the excess voltage from the national grid isn’t used. By simply rejecting and returning the surplus to the grid, site consumption is minimised, whilst remaining within the operating conditions specified by the equipment manufacturer. Electrical equipment meeting this standard can be recognised by the CE mark and designed to operate within a nominal supply of 230V. This means the oversupply of unnecessary additional volts is simply wasting energy, producing higher than necessary energy bills, and excessive levels of carbon emissions. The benefits of using Voltage Optimisation in business The benefits of installing Voltage Optimisation technology in the workplace include: Instant energy savings of up to 19% can be achieved, due to a reduction in electricity consumption (businesses report average energy savings between 12-15%)